互动网
2023-01-31
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英语助动词的基本特点及用法总结归纳 助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。 （1） be (am, is, are, were, been) “be + -ing”构成进行时态； “be + 过去分词”构成被动语态； “be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语： ① 表示按计划安排要发生的事。 如：The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。 ② 用于命令。 如：You're to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完了作业才能看电视。 （2） have (has, had) ① “have+过去分词”构成完成时态。 如：Have you seen the film ? 你看过这部电影没吗？ ② “have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么? （3）do (does, did) ① “do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。 如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket. 他哥哥不喜欢打篮球。 ② “Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。 如：Does he go to school by bike every day? 他每天骑自行车上学吗？ ③ “do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。 如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in. 我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。 ④ 代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。 如：My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 我妈妈叫我早点睡觉。我照办了。 （4）will, shall (would, should) “will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll。 如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem. 我们将开会讨论这个问题.。 1. He tried to join the army but was because of poor health,which made him depressed. A.selected B.abused C.overcome D.rejected 2. I have a lot with this guy.He borrowed my clothes,my money and my tennis racket.But when I caught him using my toothbrush,that was the last straw,so I kicked him out! A.sped up B.mixed up C.put up D.teamed up 3. The mother many things to get her daughter a good education. A.purchased B.produced C.sacrificed D.stored 4. Sometimes you can see beggars people’s kindness to make money. A.take advantage of B.make sense of C.take charge of D.make fun of 5. A smile the mother’s face when her son walked onto the platform to receive the prize. A.lit up B.brought up C.put up D.took up 1.D 【解析】句意:他试图参军,但因健康状况不好而被拒绝,这让他很沮丧。根据句意可知,此处应用reject表示“拒绝”。select“挑选”;abuse“滥用”;overcome“克服”。 3.C 【解析】句意:这位母亲为了给她的女儿良好的教育,牺牲了许多东西。purchase “购买”;produce “生产”;sacrifice “牺牲”;store “储存”。 4.A 【解析】句意:有时你可以看到乞讨者利用人们的善良来赚钱。take advantage of“利用”;make sense of“理解”;take charge of“管理”;make fun of“取笑”。前面说的是乞讨者,后面是人们的善良,to make money为动词不定式作状语,故选A项。 5.A 【解析】句意:当儿子走上台领奖时,妈妈脸上露出了喜色。light up “喜形于色,喜气洋洋”;bring up “提出,呕吐”;put up “提高,张贴”;take up “占用,开始从事”。故A项正确。 
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